study of renal tumours in tertiary care hospitals

Renal cell carcinomas [RCC] comprise 90% of all renal tumours and are presage of poor outcome. Very little data has been published in Pakistan regarding the clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease. A total 0/50 cases presenting with different subtypes of RCC were selected from Allied Hospital Faisalabad and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Clinical details were obtained from the hospital records. The fresh nephrectomy specimens were further processed according to College of American Pathologists guidelines. Mean age of the study population was 50.16 +/- 11.982 years. Male to female ratio was 2.57:1. Left to right ratio was 1:1. Most tumours [n = 36, 72%] were located in the upper pole. Most common symptom was heamaturia [n = 38, 76%]. Mean of the greatest dimension was 10.41 +/- 4.22 cm. The most common stage of presentation was stage II [n = 21, 42%] and histological subtype was clear cell carcinoma [n = 37, 74%]. Renal cell carcinoma, including its chromophobe variant, is a growing malignancy in Pakistan. Delay in seeking medical care on the part of patient and inadequate facilities account for the tumour growing to a larger size and more advanced stage of malignancy in our country

Value of H and E and giemsa stains in histological identification of helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies

To determine the frequency of H. Pylori infection and compare the results of H and E and Giemsa stained sections of gastric biopsies. This prospective study conducted in histopathology department at Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from Aug 2008 to Dec 2008 included 88 patients with history of dyspepsia and endoscopic features of gastritis. H and E and Giemsa stained sections of the biopsies were examined microscopically. Giemsa stain was taken as gold standard and the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value [positive and negative] and diagnostic accuracy of H and E were computed. In our study group of 48 males and 40 females [total 88] with ages ranging from 18 to 75 years [Mean +/- SD: 39.13 +/- 11.27], H. Pylori was present in 50 [56.81%] cases and absent in 38 [43.19%] cases on Giemsa stain [gold standard]. H and E stain revealed 42 true positive, 5 were false positive, 33 true negative and 8 false negative cases. H and E stain has sensitivity of 84%, specificity 86.84%, positive predictive value 89.36% and negative predictive value of 80.48%. The overall diagnostic accuracy [efficacy] of H and E stain was 85.22%. H and E stained sections of gastric biopsies reveal tissue morphology and disease status. When combined with Giemsa stain, H and E stain is reliable for diagnosis of H. Pylori infection

Prevalence of giradia lambila infection in patients with chronic diarrohea

To determine the prevalence of giardiasis among adults and children presenting with malabsorption, weight loss and chronic diarrhea. It was a retrospective study. This study was carried out at Ghurki Trust Hospital Lahore from October 2005 to April 2006. The patients included were those who had history of malabsorption, prolonged diarrhea and weight loss. Duodenal biopsies were taken from these patients and processed by routine histological and histopathological diagnoses were made. A total 148 cases were studied among which 36 biopsies revealed Giardia [24.3%]. 26 biopsies were from children in which 21 showed Giardia [80 7%] and 122 biopsies were from adults among which 15 showed Giardia [12.2%]. Out of these 118 biopsies were from males in which 26 revealed Giardia and 30 biopsies were from females among which 10 revealed Giardia [33.3%]. From this study it is concluded that age and sex are contributory factors in prevalence of giardiasis The study could be of value for health care workers and health policy strategies

Comparison of results of fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] with histopathology of lymph nodes

To evaluate usefulness of FNAC by comparing its results with histological methods. A retrospective study was carried out at Ghurki Trust Hospital, Lahore. Those patients were included in which both FNAC was done and histopathological diagnosis made after removing lymph node. 118 patients were finally studied The FNAC diagnosis and histopathological reports were compared. Out of 118 cases, 34 cases were diagnosed as malignant on histology. All ten cases of NHL were correctly diagnosed on FNAC. In 10 cases of Hodgkin's, 6 were correctly diagnosed by FNA, so there were 4 false negative cases of Hodgkin's disease. Out of 18 cases of metastatic carcinoma on FNAC, 12 cases were correctly diagnosed and 2 cases later turned malignant on repeat histology. There were therefore 4 false positive cases of metastatic carcinoma. It can be concluded from this study that FNAC is a useful diagnostic adjunct to conventional method of diagnosis i.e. surgery